Since globalisation will create net benefits in the long run, Indonesia should continue its process of globalisation and integration with the world economy to ensure the net benefits and to move forward in its structural transformation, while managing the costs of globalisation and its transition process. If better education leads to better health outcomes for children there is thus an indirect effect on child health from democracy operating through the. This process operates through at least four distinct but closely interconnected dynamics. The trade creation increases imports from countries with which free trade agreements have been negotiated, decreasing the domestic producer surplus. One of globalizations most substantial impacts on population health arises from its tendency to increase economic inequality, insecurity, and vulnerability (12, 114). The waves of open and more restrictive trade and investment policies, which Indonesia has gone through in the last few decades, reflect the political economy reality – that is, the impact of globalisation is dynamic and only felt in the medium term, whereas the cost and potential negative impact is often felt more immediately throughout trade creation.

Through the investment channel, there is evidence of the spillover effect of technology transfer, technology progress, improvement of the role of SMEs, and contribution to poverty alleviation. Through the trade channel, globalisation also contributed to Indonesia’s productivity and structural economic transformation, benefited small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), contributed to poverty alleviation and reduced inequality, and increased trade in services such as tourism. The new engl and journal of medicine 1336 n engl j med 368 14 apEffects of Globalization on Population Health Global influences on population health such as those described.

The analysis found that globalisation generated a positive impact on Indonesia’s economic growth through the trade and investment channel reduced wage inequality and child labour participation and increased labour absorption, including women's participation in the labour market. This paper analyses the economic impact of globalisation in Indonesia from the end of the 1960s to date.

Health impacts of globalization